Mountain people culture. But those perceptions don’t tell the full story.

• Mountain people culture. The usage of the term "hillbilly" as a descriptor receives mixed perceptions, often in part A land of contrasts “The Andes” can refer to the mountain range that stretches along the west coast of South America, but is also used to refer to a broader geographic area that includes the coastal deserts to the west and into the tropical jungles to the east of those mountains. This unique way of speaking reflects the history, resourcefulness, and humor of the people who call the mountains home. From the Quechua of Peru to the Svan of Georgia, explore how these cultures maintain their unique identities, sustainable practices, and deep connections to their mountainous environments in the face of globalization. In Mountain Talk, songs, stories, and conversations convey the shared sense of place and identity that continues to define mountain people. Nov 7, 2008 · The English language has developed and spread around the world as a global language. 8 million people in the early 21st century. Mar 1, 2010 · Capturing Appalachia’s “Mountain People” Shelby Lee Adams’ 1990 photograph of life in the eastern Kentucky mountains captured a poignant tradition Jun 18, 2015 · Photograph taken during Cecil Sharp’s folk music collecting expedition: British musician Sharp (1859-1924) and his assistant Dr Maud Karpeles (1885-1976) collected folk songs from the mountain singers of the Appalachians (North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky), between 1916 and 1918. They're both different from Sydney, though: people talk and laugh on the street, even with strangers. Start your journey today! Montagnard Culture of Vietnam THE MONTAGNARDS Cultural / Historical Perspective Of Vietnam's Indigenous People Visible to the West, from almost any place along the central coastal plain of Vietnam, are the lofty mountains that form the southern portion of the Annam Cordillera. They called us “hillbillies” and other names, thinking they knew who … Later, large numbers of Cherokee were forced into the western edges of the Ozark Mountains in present-day Oklahoma. ɲaʁ] ⓘ) signifies a mountain dweller, and is a carryover from the French colonial period in Vietnam. #appalachian #donnielaws #appalachia #appalachianhistory #appalachiaculture #southern The southern accent of the Mountain people of Appalachia and their way of life. C. The origins and ethnicity of the Melungeons are a point of debate; however there are multiple documents and cultural similarities that can be used to determine who the Melungeons most likely are. In ancient times, peoples speaking languages from both families mixed in varying proportions in different areas. The mountains kept Appalachia isolated from the rest of the country and from other people’s involvement in their lives that they developed a distinctive culture. tənˈjɑːrd /) is an umbrella term for the various indigenous peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam. When many people think of the Appalachian Mountain people, what normally comes to mind is Snuffy Smith smoking a corncob pipe, wearing overalls, and being lazy. Through readings from Talkin’ Tar Jan 1, 2023 · For these and other reasons, any study of mountains that adequately addresses the subject of montology needs to take into consideration the spiritual and cultural importance of mountains and the role that “importance” plays in how they are viewed by people of diverse societies and cultures, ranging from traditional and Indigenous to modern. ta. With nearly 9 million people, Lima, Peru’s capital, is the second-largest desert city in The Altai people (Altay: Алтай-кижи, romanized: Altay-kiji, pronounced [ɑltɑj-kidʒi]), also the Altaians (Altay: Алтайлар, romanized: Altaylar, pronounced [ɑltɑjlɑr]), are a Turkic ethnic group of indigenous peoples of Siberia mainly living in the Altai Republic, Russia. Still humans have cleverly, and in different ways, established homes, seasonal camps, and travel routes in mountains throughout history. These festivals are best connection between the nature and people. It depicts the region's poverty and explores Appalachian stereotypes. German (August 2010) This article explored a number of studies on the mountain people of the Philippines dating back from 1500’s up to 2003. Jun 18, 2015 · Old woman smoking a pipe, Appalachia, USA, c1917. Jul 20, 2025 · The People of the Himalayas and Their Lifestyle. The Gorals have adapted well to the difficult mountain conditions, developing a lifestyle that is closely connected to nature. In addition, there are accounts on the development of farming and mining communities, family histories, and folklore. Start your journey here to learn about the people and cultures that hold mountains dear. Jan 18, 2025 · Conclusion: The Ever-Evolving Culture of the Rocky Mountains The cultural practices of the Rocky Mountains are as diverse as the landscape itself. Explore some of these different aspects of mountain culture by clicking on Detailed Description: For most people, Appalachia conjures up images of majestic mountains, old-time music, and a simpler way of life. [1] Their languages belong to Mar 10, 2002 · From farming to skiing The culture was nearly destroyed once the modern world invaded, transforming many of the poor farming villages into ski resorts. But those perceptions don’t tell the full story. In this lesson, students will examine North Carolina mountain culture, with a particular focus on the unique language and way of speaking that is present in the region. Since its recognition as a distinctive region in the late 19th century, Appalachia has been a source of enduring myths and distortions regarding the isolation, temperament, and behavior of its inhabitants. For these and other reasons, any study of mountains that adequately addresses the subject of montology needs to take into consideration the spiritual and cultural importance of mountains and the role that “importance” plays in how they are viewed by people of diverse societies and cultures, ranging from traditional and Indigenous to modern. The Cultural Center serves as a repository for the Tribe's cultural heritage through the preservation of oral histories, archival materials and objects of cultural, historical and artistic significance to the White Mountain Apache people. The Spanish adopted this term, but it was generally used in a negative manner referring to savages and backward people of the mountains. Bakonjo people believe that the Rwenzori Mountains belong to them, so they jealously protect the mountains while living deep on the hills. [199] Pictorial survey of the life, occupations and culture of the people who live in the Southern Appalachians, the Ozarks, the Rockies and Mountains of the Far West Mar 29, 2025 · The Appalachian dialect is a fascinating and colorful form of speech that has been shaped by centuries of tradition, isolation, and cultural blending. As the Rockies continue to attract people from all Sep 5, 2018 · Integrating mountain people into a state can be done, but takes hundreds of years. Every day, over half of humanity relies on mountains for freshwater. Oct 16, 2023 · Appalachia has a culture unlike any other region, where people live in mountain hollows and speak their own dialect. But what actually makes Appalachia, Appalachia? Jan 24, 2021 · Within the Appalachian Mountains, from the mountainous regions of Tennessee and Virginia, to parts of Kentucky, there has traditionally been a group of people known as the Melungeons. Overview North Carolina’s mountain region is rich with culture, and despite “hillbilly stereotypes,” Appalachian residents have maintained great pride in their traditions and identity. Dec 27, 2023 · Appalachia, the socio-economic region that runs through the Appalachian Mountains of the eastern United States, has both a distinctive culture and history. Last Words Appalachia’s story is a vibrant narrative of resilience, diversity, and cultural Feb 15, 2025 · Mountain cultures around the world have long been a source of inspiration, wonder, and fascination. He depicts the Ik as a people forced into extreme individualistic practices in order to survive. The prefix The Southern Appalachian Mountain people historically met their basic needs of water, food, shelter, clothing, and recreation in unique and diverse ways that were well suited for their distinct environment and its natural resources. Jan 27, 2024 · The Rocky Mountain culture is also influenced by the cowboy and ranching traditions that have thrived in the region for centuries. These groups share the geographic region but differ significantly in language, culture, and traditions. What unique ways do they celebrate life high above the world? The People The term Montagnard means “mountain people” in French and is a carryover from the French colonial period in Vietnam. Discover culture, daily life, and traditions in the Himalayas. The indigenous peoples of the Cordillera in northern Luzon, Philippines, often referred to by the exonym Igorot people, [2] or more recently, as the Cordilleran peoples, [2] are an ethnic group composed of nine main ethnolinguistic groups whose domains are in the Cordillera Mountain Range, altogether numbering about 1. The Hatfield clan (1897) Hillbilly is a term historically used for White people who dwell in rural, mountainous areas in the United States, primarily in the Appalachian region and Ozarks. Whether perched in the Himalayas, the Andes, the Rockies, or the Alps, these communities are shaped by the towering landscapes that surround them. The original name of the mountain was ‘Rwenzururu’, but due to difficulty in pronouncing the word, foreigners named it Rwenzori, which has been accepted widely in the region. Photograph taken during Cecil Sharp’s folk music collecting expedition: British musician Sharp (1859-1924) and his assistant Dr Maud Karpeles (1885-1976) collected folk songs from the mountain singers of the Appalachians (North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, and Kentucky), between 1916 and 1918. The High Carpathian ranges and mountain slopes have been home to the sturdy Gorals for six centuries or more. Many of the stereotypes that people think of today originate from a single publication called "A Strange Land and Peculiar Appalachian Americans, or simply Appalachians, are an American cultural group living in the geocultural area of Appalachia in the eastern United States, or their descendants. The mountain people also use the yak hides to make portable tents for the herdsmen, and they burn the yak dung for heating and cooking. Dec 9, 2016 · The cultural diversity of mountains and the need to protect the identity of highland people find voice in this year’s International Mountain Day celebrati Questions centered on determining how individuals formulate their own identity as a person living within the mountain culture, how they react to others creating an identity for them, and how deeply they wish to remain in the mountains. The mountains offer stunning views and recreation opportunities, while the forests provide habitat for plants and animals and contribute to the region’s economy. Jul 8, 2020 · Many of us are drawn to mountains for adventure, sustenance, beauty, spiritual purposes, and simply because it's where we've always lived. This part of the country is home to more than 25 million people and is well known for its picturesque beauty and a deep-rooted culture born from a blend of historical influences. The Rioni River valley and several smaller valleys in Transcaucasia are intensively cultivated and support large farm populations, and the foothills of the mountains also have a considerable population Feb 21, 2025 · I’ve watched young people come back home after years away, determined to build something better. Also some voices of the past Apr 6, 2019 · The second-mountain people are leading us toward a culture that puts relationships at the center. [2][3] While not an official demographic used or recognized by the United States Census Bureau, Appalachian Americans, due to various factors, have developed their own distinct culture within larger social groupings Jul 28, 2022 · Bontok, meaning “mountain,” refers to the people who share close linguistic and cultural similarities and originate from Bontoc, which is the place and name of a municipality in Mountain Province. Thus, the first rule in dealing with mountain people should be to leave them alone. With the advent of modern technology, many of these lessons are quickly becoming lost as the elders who lived and experienced these ways of life are dying, and Oct 18, 2020 · The White Mountain Apache people embody rich cultural traditions, emphasizing the importance of preserving heritage and community values. Montagnard is a French term for “mountain dwellers” and an umbrella name for the Hmong, Rhadé, and Nung peoples, among others. Early 20th-century writers focused on sensationalistic Nov 15, 2020 · The Appalachian Culture & History of the Blue Ridge Mountains, including Appalachian people, arts & crafts, cuisine, music & more! Jun 23, 2020 · Mountains Mountain Peoples Living in the mountains has its rewards and its unique challenges. ” Montagnard is the term, typically shortened to Yard, used by U. Aug 18, 2010 · A collection of essays of various authors Bibliography: p. Jun 8, 2021 · The Mountain Traditions Project has been deeply influenced by previous documentary and humanities projects in Appalachia, such as Foxfire. American Indian peoples inhabiting the northern mountains in modern times include the Shuswap and Kutenai of British Columbia, the Coeur d’Alene and Nez Percé of Idaho, and the Flathead of Montana. I grew up around beaches in Newcastle. The Sherpa people have long been guardians of the world’s highest mountains, and their unique blend of physical endurance, spiritual depth, and cultural resilience has made them one of the most revered communities in the world. Nov 3, 2016 · For 50 years, high school students in Rabun County have chronicled their region's disappearing traditions and mountain people, from blacksmiths to moonshiners, in publications and a living museum. The West Virginia Vandalia Gathering celebrates mountain music, while the Kentucky Apple Festival honors homegrown traditions. for scientific journals, and some, for the po systematic expod of the various cultural aspects of the Mountain peoples framed in accordance with a fixed plan. Billions of people downstream rely on mountain water for drinking, sanitation, irrigation and energy production. They range from the Catskill Mountains of New York May 12, 2021 · Generalizations, assumptions and negative stereotypes about Appalachia and the people who live there have long been a bane on the people of the region. This collection consists of the diaries, journals, and narratives of explorers, emigrants, military men, Native Americans, and travelers. In Vietnamese, they are known by the term Oct 25, 2022 · Top 10 Facts about The Native Appalachian Mountains People Appalachia region typically refers to the cultural region of the central and southern portions of the range. Mar 11, 2024 · Discover 15 remarkable mountain communities around the world that have preserved their ancient traditions and customs despite modernization. The challenges and rewards of mountain living have fostered unique ways of life, customs, and traditions that are deeply intertwined with the natural May 21, 2012 · Perhaps no group of people has a higher list of stereotypes than those who call the Appalachian Mountains home. The people of Southern Appalachia tell the story of their diverse mountain culture and dialect in this popular film. The years have also seen an influx of people from the Upper South, the Deep South, and the MidWest (According to Harold Bell Wright, Old Matt and Aunt Molly were from Illinois after all). Paradoxically, the tourist boom has enabled Home > Online Library > Readings > Mountain Themes > Society & Culture View more Readings: MOUNTAIN ISSUES Environmental Issues Welfare & Infrastructure Issues Social Issues, Gender & Indigenous Rights Issues Poverty & Resource Issues Issues Geopolitics Others Jun 6, 2016 · Life in the Himalayas goes back 1000s of years, and the history of the Himalayan People is full of exciting stories of their culture, beliefs and struggles. Oct 25, 2021 · Introduction In Peru, there is a group of indigenous people referred to as “The Mountain People”. May 20, 2013 · The term Igorot is an old Tagalog word meaning “people from the mountains” and is a general term used to include all of the mountain tribes from the Cordilleras. Early 20th-century writers focused on sensationalistic aspects of the region Dec 10, 2024 · When I think about what defines Appalachian culture, I think of the people—their strength, determination, and pride in their heritage. Appalachia holds family and kinship as a major pillar of social and community life. To some, we were seen as backwoods, uneducated, or just plain strange. Despite centuries of colonial influence and modernization, many Cordillerans have managed to preserve their ancestral traditions, including their rich oral literature and mythological narratives. Jul 7, 2025 · Rocky Mountains - Native Tribes, Wildlife, Geology: The human presence in the Rocky Mountains has been dated to between 10,000 and 8,000 bce. From the deep spiritual connections of indigenous tribes to the influence of European settlers and the modern-day focus on outdoor recreation, the cultural fabric of the region is ever-evolving. Oct 18, 2023 · For over 40 years, photographer Shelby Lee Adams has traveled the mountain of Eastern Kentucky to photograph the culture of Appalachia. This group of indigenous people live about 4,700 metres above sea level which has always been a concern as it forces them to adapt and . Most of the studies made by tbe author deal with specific cultural traita of the Igorota of S a w , where Scott served as principal of St. E. Jun 19, 2018 · The people of the Himalayas are diverse in their architecture, their languages and dialects, their rituals and beliefs, and even their clothing. Jul 2, 2015 · People have occupied these mountains since prehistoric times, but it was not until the 20th century that human activities began to profoundly affect the natural course of events here. This would be a big loss for northern Thailand since the hill tribes are a great part of our regional history. May 2, 2025 · When most people think of Appalachia, they think of rugged mountains, winding hollers, and thick accents. [5][6][7][8] In the late 20th century, the term was The Sherpa people are a Himalayan ethnic group native to Nepal, most famously associated with Mount Everest, the world’s highest peak. Their distribution is the result of a long history of Who are the Gorals? The Gorals were and are mountain people, shepherds wearing sheepskins, felted wool, homespun linen and intricate shepherd’s pins, sponky, that hark back to an ancient tradition. The Jul 18, 2025 · The Real People of Appalachia Appalachia is a term used loosely to describe various parts of a large mountainous region spanning from southern New York all the way to northern Mississippi. Rodeos, cowboy poetry, and western music are all important parts of the cultural fabric of the Rocky Mountains. Feb 19, 2010 · In this issue Cultural Survival focuses on mountain people - a subject that only takes shape after some initial turning and prodding, because "mountain people" is the kind of catch-all term which tends to fall apart when you take a close look at it. These experiences are reflected in the cultural relationships we have with mountains, such as the notion of wilderness, the power of names, and the deep feeling of mountains as home. Explore some of these different aspects of mountain culture by clicking on Who are the people of Appalachia? Join me in this Exploring Appalachia episode as I uncover who the Appalachian people really are beyond the stereotypes and negative portrayals of them in the news Jan 17, 2025 · Growing up in Appalachia, people often misunderstood us. Yet, the region and its 2 days ago · Himalayas - Tribes, Culture, Religion: Of the four principal language families in the Indian subcontinent—Indo-European, Tibeto-Burman, Austroasiatic, and Dravidian—the first two are well represented in the Himalayas. They see themselves as self-sufficient and independent, with a deep connection to the land and the natural world. The French term Montagnard ([mɔ̃. Living in the highlands, these mountain people had been long isolated by both geographic and economic conditions from the developed areas of Vietnam, and they occupied territory of strategic value to an insurgent movement. The people of this group call themselves Ifontok in their own language. Therefore, they are in danger of losing their culture, artefacts and ways of life. As a variety of English in China, it has also formed some distinct features. S. The term is preferable to the derogatory Vietnamese term moi, meaning “savage. The book provides an examination of Ik culture and practices based on information gathered by Turnbull during a stay of three years. May 29, 2025 · Now, the Smokies are part of the larger Appalachian mountain chain, which runs from Canada all the way down to Alabama—but this particular section—The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, is located right on the border between North Carolina and Tennessee, so there are actually entrances from both states. Unfortunately, they also often think of stereotypes – poverty, violence, backwardness, and a stubborn refusal to modernize. These stories don’t make headlines, but they’re the real story of Appalachia. Their way of life has remained unchanged for centuries, making them natural stewards of Tibet's grasslands and living examples of original Tibetan culture. They are also commonly or interchangeably called ‘Bakonzo’. The Mountain People (1972) In 1972, Colin Turnbull published an ethnography about the Ik titled The Mountain People. This region is seen as home to a distinct cultural area—dating from around the fourth millennium B. The studies covered varied themes and locations and involved diverse perspective as they were conducted by colonizers (missionaries and state authorities) and scholars in Jan 20, 2011 · Joseph S. They have rich culture. These accounts provide a view of the vast region between Lexington, Kentucky and Winchester, Virginia, from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Jun 4, 2014 · For most people, Appalachia conjures up images of majestic mountains, old-time music, and a simpler way of life. It features negative stereotypes of Appalachian people, portraying the people as inbred, backwards, and dangerous. They have a very interesting way of living, and for many years have been forced to adapt to extreme ways of living to keep themselves and their culture alive. [7][8] Several thousand of the Altaians also live Sep 25, 2023 · During the Vietnam War, American Special Forces sought out the help of the Indigenous Montagnard peoples of the Central Highlands of Vietnam and their traditional homelands in Laos and Cambodia. Life in these mountains isn’t always easy. Bontoc province consists of 10 municipalities and 144 barangays. Drokpa means, "people of the solitudes," and they are truly a mountain people, herding livestock on vast high-altitude pastures for millennia. Mountains serve as the essential “water towers” on every continent. Dec 13, 2023 · The Appalachian Mountains, forests, and rivers are all important parts of the region. The mountain people of the Philippines: A review of selected literatures By: M. All major rivers of the world begin in mountains. Hall was an unlikely candidate to become the leader in the documentation of the language and culture of the Smoky Mountain people. They are famous for protecting the mountains and have a rich cultural heritage. I wouldn't say there's much of a difference between the two areas except Newcastle is more spread out while the Blue Mountains is a string of villages connected by the highway. (The French call this range the Chaine Annamitique; the Vietnamese know it as the Truong Son, or "Long Mountains Nov 13, 2016 · The Igorot people, whose name literally means “people of the mountain,” have inhabited this rugged terrain for thousands of years. This includes all rugged land above 300 metres (980 ft) and all land (including plateaus) above 2,500 metres (8,200 ft) elevation. As people migrated out of the region during the Great Depression, the term spread northward and westward with them. The traditional lands of the Shoshone in Idaho and Representations of Appalachians in popular culture The 1972 film Deliverance is set and filmed in the Appalachian mountains of Georgia. They ask us to measure our lives by the quality of our attachments, to see that life is a Sep 22, 2016 · Today, as the hill tribes live in close proximity to the Thai people, they could end up being assimilated over the next generation or two. In Poland, the community inhabits the geographical region of Podhale of the Tatra Mountains and Feb 19, 2010 · In this issue Cultural Survival focuses on mountain people - a subject that only takes shape after some initial turning and prodding, because "mountain people" is the kind of catch-all term which tends to fall apart when you take a close look at it. to University of Delaware Library Research Guides A-Z Databases Mountain People: Life and Culture in Appalachia Mountain People: Life and Culture in Appalachia Access Database Vendors: Jul 8, 2025 · Caucasus - Ethnic Groups, Languages, Religions: The rural population of the Caucasus is unevenly distributed, with the most densely populated part of the region along the Black Sea coast. In ‘The Mountain People’, author Colin Turnbull bears witness to an apocalyptic famine that devastates the isolated Ik people of northern Uganda. So long, actually, that rural stereotypes actually pre-date European Appalachian settlement. Jul 28, 2025 · About Appalachian People, Culture, and Customs The people of Appalachia are as varied as they come. To understand Appalachian people, you have to go back, way back, to the roots of the people who made these Feb 11, 2025 · Discover the rich cultures and traditions of the people who live in the mountains. Despite this negative connotation, many people who identify as "mountain people" take pride in their heritage and culture. Almost all festivals of Uttarakhand gave message for environment conservation. Jun 23, 2020 · Mountains Mountain Peoples Living in the mountains has its rewards and its unique challenges. Jan 28, 2025 · Read about the Ute, Cheyenne and Arapaho Native American Tribes that called Rocky Mountain National Park home long before settlers arrived. Map of areas inhabited by the Gorals Gorals from Zakopane (1967) Young Gorals of the Beskid Mountains (Żywiec) The Gorals inhabit a number of regions collectively referred to as the "Goral lands" (Goral: Góralscýzna, Polish: Góralszczyzna) split between Poland, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. When the first white settlers reached the Great Smoky Mountains in the late 1700s they found themselves in the land of the Cherokee Indians. (Photo by EFD SS/Heritage Images People of Nepal, Taiwan, Slovenia and Japan; their culture, costumes and artifacts amuse many visitors who are not from the mountain regions. military personnel in the Central Highlands during the Vietnam War. Hill people, also referred to as mountain people, is a general term for people who live in the hills and mountains. Below is a collection of common Appalachian slang words and phrases, along with… The Gorals: Mountain Guardians In Poland’s southern highlands, a group known as the Gorals lives. The goal has been both to build upon and to expand upon that work, exploring the culture of Appalachia as a rich, diverse tapestry of traditions, and approaching documentation as celebration of heritage that The Museum of Appalachia is a living history museum — a pioneer mountain farm-village that lends voice to the people of Southern Appalachia through the artifacts and stories they left behind. This paper first introduces the status quo of the English language in China, and then by analysing the use of four Chinglish idioms on the Internet, argues that the use of Chinglish idioms can be more expressive in some settings. Feb 3, 2025 · Fairs and festivals bring Appalachian culture to life. This section is also important for comparative studies of the Alpine Mountain People of Europe and Nepal with the help of photographs taken 50 years ago. These people pay some of their expenses in yak’s milk butter, and as most are followers of Buddha, they also present gifts of butter to the Buddhist monks and lamas. Mar 19, 2025 · The Nuba people are a collective of over 50 indigenous ethnic groups inhabiting the Nuba Mountains in South Kordofan, Sudan. Their traditions include wearing detailed folk costumes and building wooden houses that Blue Mountains resident here. Approximately 30 tribes reside among six distinct ethnic groups in Melungeon (/ məˈlʌndʒən / mə-LUN-jən) (sometimes also spelled Malungean, Melangean, Melungean, Melungin[3]) was a slur [4] historically applied to individuals and families of mixed-race ancestry with roots in colonial Virginia, Tennessee, and North Carolina who were primarily descended from free people of color and white settlers. Ramp festivals highlight a foraged spring delicacy, with cooking contests and feasts where locals serve ramps fried, pickled, or even mixed into cornbread and potatoes. It is the mission of the Apache Culture Center to foster an appreciation for the history and cultural traditions of the White Mountain Apache, within the Distribution of ethno-linguistic groups in the Central Highlands of Vietnam Montagnards (/ ˌmɒn. The debate Oct 17, 2023 · Appalachia is a unique region in the Eastern United States with a distinct culture and history dating back thousands of years. This section contains resources about religion, culture, music, legends and folklore, political theory, and racial relations. Jul 17, 2015 · Mountain People Culture and Environment Practices Uttarakhand have number of temples and famous places for fairs and festivals, adding colours to the life of hilly people. A. bulnx mqxulgrx xvdvmw waoeyqo uda tcfg hqryo wvjnur ydjr cymd